Other findings showed that there were higher estimates of HIV transmission during receptive anal sex (1.7% per act or 17 cases of HIV transmission per every 1,000 acts of anal sex in which the "top" is HIV positive) as opposed to other sexual acts. The authors found that, overall, female-to-male (.04% per act or, in theory, about 4 cases of HIV transmission per every 10,000 acts of vaginal sex with a woman who is HIV positive) and male-to-female (.08% per act or 8 cases of HIV transmission per every 10,000 acts of vaginal sex with a man who is HIV positive) transmission estimates in high-income countries show a low risk of infection even when the person with HIV is not on antiretroviral treatments. Of course, this is likely true of most, if not all, studies that attempt to base conclusions on what people report about their sex lives. The actual transmission to a partner, the number of unprotected sex acts, the length of the partner's exposure to HIV, and other potential co-factors among the people who participate in a study about their sex acts are rarely completely known and there are unreported factors, such as some participants actually having other STIs, which could affect the accuracy of studies. The authors point out that putting a number on the actual likelihood of HIV transmission in a single sexual act is difficult to measure. The authors' three objectives were to provide summary estimates of HIV-1 transmission probabilities per heterosexual contact do in-depth single variable and multivariable analysis to explore the reasons for different study results and estimate the role of risk factors such as viral load and STIs on the likelihood of transmission. 08% per vaginal sex act (which, in a large study, would mean approximately 7-8 cases of transmission for every 10,000 acts of unprotected vaginal sex) if there was no receptive anal intercourse, the HIV-positive person was asymptomatic, and there were no other cofactors present, such as other sexually transmitted infections. The authors concluded that the average male to female risk of HIV transmission is. The authors reviewed 43 published studies conducted in various countries that reported per-act heterosexual HIV-1 transmission probability estimates. It is a systematic review and analysis of all available study data related to the likelihood of heterosexual HIV transmission. This study follows up on an earlier study by the same authors examining per-act heterosexual HIV transmission probabilities.
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